Optimized Up-Down Deconvolution for Source-Side Ghost Wave Suppression in Multi-Component Ocean-Bottom Seismic Data

Multi-component ocean-bottom seismic data offer several advantages, including a high signal-to-noise ratio and comprehensive PP and PS wavefield information. However, the strong reflection characteristics of the sea surface generate various types of ghost waves that severely degrade data quality. The source-side ghost waves not only change the effective wave waveforms but also induce the notch effect in frequency spectra and even produce false structures in stacking profiles. Here, the optimization of the up-down deconvolution method is addressed to suppress the source-side ghost waves. Based on this method, a complete source-side ghost suppression process is constructed. In traditional methods, the upgoing and downgoing wavefields are derived through vertical wavenumber calibration. However, the wavenumber-domain method is computationally demanding and relies on precise source-receiver geometry for accurate determination of vertical wavenumbers. To address these problems, the upgoing and downgoing wavefields are extracted using the matching method in this study. Then, the up-down deconvolution process is applied to improve the effectiveness of source-side ghost wave suppression. Finally, synthetic and field data case studies, with detailed discussion, are presented to illustrate that the algorithm of our optimized up-down deconvolution is effective.